A genotyping microarray is a tool that simultaneously analyzes thousands of known genetic variations in a DNA sample by hybridizing the DNA to probes on a solid surface.

This allows researchers to quickly and cost-effectively identify genetic markers like Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for large-scale studies in areas such as disease risk assessment, population genetics, and personalized medicine

How it works

• Probes: The microarray slide has a grid of microscopic spots, each containing a specific DNA probe.

• Hybridization: A DNA sample from a person is prepared and applied to the array. The sample's DNA fragments will bind (hybridize) to their complementary probes on the chip.

• Washing: Any DNA fragments that did not bind are washed away.

• Scanning: The array is scanned, typically with a laser, which detects fluorescence signals from the hybridized DNA.

• Analysis: The intensity of the signal at each spot indicates the presence and quantity of a particular genetic variant, allowing for a large-scale genotyping analysis